Results for 'Hugh Handley Bird'

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  1. Contraception and Sterilization.Hugh Handley Bird & William Sinclair - 1979 - In Charles Gordon Scorer & Antony John Wing, Decision making in medicine: the practice of its ethics. London: E. Arnold.
     
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  2. (1 other version)Ethical consumerism: The case of "fairly–traded" coffee.Kate Bird & David R. Hughes - 1997 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 6 (3):159–167.
    Consumer concern for “ethical products”, or ethical aspects of the goods which they purchase, is a subject of increasing interest and research,which is here illustrated by an examination of the Fair Trade movement, with special reference to coffee as an indicative commodity. Kate Bird, is currently Lecturer in the Development Administration Group, School of Public Policy, Birmingham University, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, having previously worked abroad and written her MSc dissertation at Wye College on fair trade in coffee products. (...)
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  3.  13
    Virtues and novels - (r.) Bird sophrosune in the greek novel. Reading reactions to desire. Pp. VI + 235. London and new York: Bloomsbury academic, 2021. Cased, £85, us$115. Isbn: 978-1-350-10864-6. [REVIEW]Hugh J. Mason - 2021 - The Classical Review 71 (2):346-348.
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  4.  20
    The Epigrams of Philodemos.Barbara Hughes Fowler - 1999 - American Journal of Philology 120 (2):311-313.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:The Epigrams of PhilodemosBarbara Hughes FowlerDavid Sider, ed. The Epigrams of Philodemos. With introduction and commentary. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. vi 1 259 pp. Cloth, $65.David Sider’s edition of Philodemos’ epigrams is exemplary. It includes a preface stating the reason for such a production; an introduction which treats the life of Philodemos, his connections with Piso and the Epicureans on the Bay of Naples, (...)
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  5. Settled objectives and rational constraints.Hugh J. McCann - 1991 - American Philosophical Quarterly 28 (1):25-36.
    Some authors reject what they call the "Simple View"---i.e., the principle that anyone who A's intentionally intends to A. My purpose here is to defend this principle. Rejecting the Simple View, I shall claim, forces us to assign to other mental states the functional role of intention: that of providing settled objectives to guide deliberation and action. A likely result is either that entities will be multiplied, or that the resultant account will invite reassertion of reductionist theories. In any case, (...)
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  6. Licensing parents.Hugh LaFollette - 1980 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 9 (2):182-197.
    In this essay I shall argue that the state should require all parents to be licensed. My main goal is to demonstrate that the licensing of parents is theoretically desirable, though I shall also argue that a workable and just licensing program actually could be established.
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  7.  97
    Rationality and the Range of Intention.Hugh J. McCann - 1986 - Midwest Studies in Philosophy 10 (1):191-211.
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  8. Status Distrust of Scientific Experts.Hugh Desmond - 2022 - Social Epistemology 36 (5):586-600.
    Distrust in scientific experts can be surprisingly stubborn, persisting despite evidence supporting the experts’ views, demonstrations of their competence, or displays of good will. This stubborn distrust is often viewed as a manifestation of irrationality. By contrast, this article proposes a logic of “status distrust”: low-status individuals are objectively vulnerable to collective decision-making, and can justifiably distrust high-status scientific experts if they are not confident that the experts do not have their best interests at heart. In phenomena of status distrust, (...)
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  9. My Conscience May Be My Guide, but You May not Need to Honor It.Hugh Lafollette - 2017 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 26 (1):44-58.
    A number of health care professionals assert a right to be exempt from performing some actions currently designated as part of their standard professional responsibilities. Most advocates claim that they should be excused from these duties simply by averring that they are conscientiously opposed to performing them. They believe that they need not explain or justify their decisions to anyone; nor should they suffer any undesirable consequences of such refusal. Those who claim this right err by blurring or conflating three (...)
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  10. Expert Communication and the Self-Defeating Codes of Scientific Ethics.Hugh Desmond - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (1):24-26.
    Codes of ethics currently offer no guidance to scientists acting in capacity of expert. Yet communicating their expertise is one of the most important activities of scientists. Here I argue that expert communication has a specifically ethical dimension, and that experts must face a fundamental trade-off between "actionability" and "transparency" when communicating. Some recommendations for expert communication are suggested.
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  11. Sexual Selection, Aesthetic Choice, and Agency.Hugh Desmond - forthcoming - In Elisabeth Gayon, Philippe Huneman, Victor Petit & Michel Veuille, 150 Years of the Descent of Man. New York: Routledge.
    Darwin hypothesized that some animals, when selecting sexual partners, possess a genuine “sense of beauty” that cannot be accounted for by the logic of natural selection. This hypothesis has been notoriously controversial. In this chapter I propose that the concept of agency can be useful to operationalize the “sense of beauty”, and can help identify the conditions under which one can infer that animals are acting as (aesthetic) agents. Focusing on a case study of the behavior of the Pavo cristatus, (...)
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  12.  59
    Spatial learning in the T-maze: the influence of direction, turn, and food location.Hugh C. Blodgett, Kenneth McCutchan & Ravenna Mathews - 1949 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 39 (6):800.
  13. Gun control.Hugh LaFollette - 2000 - Ethics 110 (2):263-281.
    Many of us assume we must either oppose or support gun control. Not so. We have a range of alternatives. Even this way of speaking oversimplifies our choices since there are two distinct scales on which to place alternatives. One scale concerns the degree (if at all) to which guns should be abolished. This scale moves from those who want no abolition (NA) of any guns, through those who want moderate abolition (MA) - to forbid access to some subclasses of (...)
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  14.  61
    When normal is normative: The ethical significance of conforming to reasonable expectations.Hugh Breakey - 2022 - Philosophical Studies 179 (9):2797-2821.
    People give surprising weight to others’ expectations about their behaviour. I argue the practice of conforming to others’ expectations is ethically well-grounded. A special class of ‘reasonable expectations’ can create prima facie obligations even in cases where the expectations arise from contingent pre-existing practices, and the duty-bearer has not created them, or directly benefited from them. The obligation arises because of the substantial goods that follow from such conformity—goods capable of being endorsed from many different ethical perspectives and implicating key (...)
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  15.  21
    UK Research Ethics Committee’s review of the global first SARS-CoV-2 human infection challenge studies.Hugh Davies - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (5):322-324.
    This paper describes the UK Research Ethics Committee’s (REC) preparations and review of the global first SARS-CoV-2 human infection challenge studies. To frame our review, we used the WHO guidance and our UK Health Research Authority ethical review framework. The WHO criteria covered most issues we were concerned about, but we would recommend one further criterion directing RECs to consider alternative research designs. Could research questions be equally well answered by less intrusive studies? The committee met virtually, ensuring broad representation (...)
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  16. Two models of models in biomedical research.Hugh LaFollette & Niall Shanks - 1995 - Philosophical Quarterly 45 (179):141-160.
    Biomedical researchers claim there is significant biomedical information about humans which can be discovered only through experiments on intact animal systems (AMA p. 2). Although epidemiological studies, computer simulations, clinical investigation, and cell and tissue cultures have become important weapons in the biomedical scientists' arsenal, these are primarily "adjuncts to the use of animals in research" (Sigma Xi p. 76). Controlled laboratory experiments are the core of the scientific enterprise. Biomedical researchers claim these should be conducted on intact biological systems, (...)
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  17. Incentivizing Replication Is Insufficient to Safeguard Default Trust.Hugh Desmond - 2021 - Philosophy of Science 88 (5):906-917.
    Philosophers of science and metascientists alike typically model scientists’ behavior as driven by credit maximization. In this article I argue that this modeling assumption cannot account for how scientists have a default level of trust in each other’s assertions. The normative implication of this is that science policy should not focus solely on incentive reform.
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  18.  71
    Trying, Paralysis, and Volition.Hugh McCann - 1975 - Review of Metaphysics 28 (3):423-442.
    The implications of this example for the philosophy of action are, of course, important: at the very least, it casts serious doubt on the often heard view that the notion of volition is a mere invention of philosophers, having no use outside philosophical contexts. It is, then, worthy of study. But many recent philosophers have paid practically no attention to actual cases of paralysis. Instead, they have preferred to deal a priori with the possibility of a paralytic trying to perform (...)
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  19. Rehabilitating neutrality.Hugh Lacey - 2013 - Philosophical Studies 163 (1):77-83.
    This article responds to Janet Kourany’s proposal, in Philosophy of Science after Feminism, that scientific practices be held to the ideal of ‘socially responsible science’, to produce results that are not only cognitively sound, but also significant in the light of values ‘that can be morally justified’. Kourany also urges the development of ‘contextualized philosophy of science’—of which feminist philosophy of science is exemplary—that is ‘politically engaged’ and ‘activist’, ‘informed by analyses of the actual ways in which science interacts with (...)
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  20. Reclaiming Care and Privacy in the Age of Social Media.Hugh Desmond - 2022 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 92:45-66.
    Social media has invaded our private, professional, and public lives. While corporations continue to portray social media as a celebration of self-expression and freedom, public opinion, by contrast, seems to have decidedly turned against social media. Yet we continue to use it just the same. What is social media, and how should we live with it? Is it the promise of a happier and more interconnected humanity, or a vehicle for toxic self-promotion? In this essay I examine the very structure (...)
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  21.  65
    Is Age Special? Justice, Complete Lives and the Prudential Lifespan Account.Hugh Lazenby - 2011 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 28 (4):327-340.
    This article explores the problem of justice between age-groups. Specifically, it presents a challenge to a leading theory in this field, Norman Daniels' Prudential Lifespan Account. The challenge relates to a key assumption that underlies this theory, namely the assumption that all individuals live complete lives of equal length. Having identified the roles that this assumption plays, the article argues that the justifications Daniels offers for it are unsatisfactory and that this threatens the foundation of his position, undermining his claim (...)
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  22.  16
    Knowledge and virtue in teaching and learning: the primacy of dispositions.Hugh Sockett - 2012 - New York, NY: Routledge.
    The challenge this book addresses is to demonstrate how, in teaching content knowledge, the development of intellectual and moral dispositions as virtues is not merely a good idea, or peripheral to that content, but deeply embedded in the logic of searching for knowledge and truth. It offers a powerful example of how philosophy of education can be brought to bear on real problems of educational research and practice – pointing the reader to re-envision what it means to educate children by (...)
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  23.  29
    Reshaping consent so we might improve participant choice (III) – How is the research participant’s understanding currently checked and how might we improve this process?Hugh Davies, Simon E. Kolstoe & Anthony Lockett - 2024 - Research Ethics 20 (3):604-612.
    Valid consent requires the potential research participant understands the information provided. We examined current practice in 50 proposed Clinical Trials of Investigational Medicinal Products to determine how this understanding is checked. The majority of the proposals ( n = 44) indicated confirmation of understanding would take place during an interactive conversation between the researcher and potential participant, containing questions to assess and establish understanding. Yet up until now, research design and review have not focussed upon this, concentrating more on written (...)
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  24. The Priority of Definition and the Socratic Elenchus.Hugh G. Benson - 1990 - Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 8:19.
  25. The occasionalist proselytizer: A modified catechism.Hugh J. McCann & Jonathan L. Kvanvig - 1991 - Philosophical Perspectives 5:587-615.
  26. (1 other version)Pragmatic Ethics.Hugh LaFollette - 1999 - In Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory. Malden, Mass., USA: Blackwell. pp. 400--419.
    Pragmatism is a philosophical movement developed near the turn of the century in the of several prominent American philosophers, most notably, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. Although many contemporary analytic philosophers never studied American Philosophy in graduate schoo l, analytic philosophy has been significantly shaped by philosophers strongly influenced by that tradition, most especially W. V. Quine, Donald Davidson, Hilary Putnam, and Richard Rorty. Like other philosophical movements, it developed in response to the then-dominant philosophical wisdom. What (...)
     
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  27. Living on a Slippery Slope.Hugh LaFollette - 2005 - The Journal of Ethics 9 (3-4):475-499.
    Our actions, individually and collectively, inevitably affect others, ourselves, and our institutions. They shape the people we become and the kind of world we inhabit. Sometimes those consequences are positive, a giant leap for moral humankind. Other times they are morally regressive. This propensity of current actions to shape the future is morally important. But slippery slope arguments are a poor way to capture it. That is not to say we can never develop cogent slippery slope arguments. Nonetheless, given their (...)
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  28. The Constitutive Values of Science.Hugh Lacey - 1997 - Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology 1 (1):3–40.
    Cognitive values are the characteristics that are constitutive of good theories, the criteria to which we appeal when choosing among competing theories. I argue that, in order to count as a cognitive value, a characteristic must be needed to explain actually made theory choices, and its cognitive significance must be well defended especially in view of considerations derived from the objective of science. A number of proposed objectives of science are entertained, and it is argued that adopting a par-ticular objective (...)
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  29.  53
    Compromise Despite Conviction: Curbing Integrity’s Moral Dangers.Hugh Breakey - 2016 - Journal of Value Inquiry 50 (3):613-629.
    Integrity looks dangerous. Passionate willpower, focused devotion and driving self-belief nestle all-too-closely to extremism, narcissism and intolerant hubris. How can integrity skirt such perils? This question opens the perennial issue of whether devout, driven devotees can guard themselves from antisocial extremes. Current proposals to inoculate integrity from moral danger hone in on integrity’s reflective side. I argue that this epistemic approach disarms integrity’s dangers only by stripping it of everything that initially made it worthwhile. Instead, I argue that integrity contains (...)
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  30. The method of hypothesis in the Meno.Hugh H. Benson - 2003 - Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium of Ancient Philosophy 18:95-126.
     
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  31. Tacit representation in functional architecture.Hugh Clapin - 2002 - In Philosophy of Mental Representation. New York: Oxford University Press UK.
  32. In Service to Others: A New Evolutionary Perspective on Human Enhancement.Hugh Desmond - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (6):33-43.
    In enhancement ethics, evolutionary theory has been largely perceived as supporting liberal views on enhancement, where decisions to enhance are predominantly regulated by the principle of individual autonomy. In this paper I critique this perception in light of recent scientific developments. Cultural evolutionary theory suggests a picture where individual interests are entangled with community interests, and this undermines the applicability of the principle of autonomy. This is particularly relevant for enhancement ethics, given how – I argue – decisions to enhance (...)
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  33.  23
    Exploitation, Criminalization, and Pecuniary Trade in the Organs of Living People.Hugh V. McLachlan - 2021 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 18 (2):229-241.
    It is often maintained that, since the buying and selling of organs—particularly the kidneys—of living people supposedly constitutes exploitation of the living vendors while the so-called “altruistic” donation of them does not, the former, unlike the latter, should be a crime. This paper challenges and rejects this view. A novel account of exploitation, influenced by but different from those of Zwolinski and Wertheimer and of Wilkinson, is developed. Exploitation is seen as a sort of injustice. A distinction is made between (...)
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  34. A note on eristic and the socratic elenchus.Hugh H. Benson - 1989 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 27 (4):591-599.
  35. Metaphor and Learning.Hugh G. Petrie & Rebecca S. Oshlag - 1993 - In Andrew Ortony, Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge University Press. pp. 579-609.
     
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  36.  18
    Philosophical Foundations of Labour Law.Hugh Collins, Gillian Lester & Virginia Mantouvalou (eds.) - 2018 - Oxford University Press.
    The first book to explore the philosophical foundations of labour law in detail, including topics such as the meaning of work, the relationship between employee and employer, and the demands of justice in the workplace.
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  37. (1 other version)The existential import of propositions.Hugh MacColl - 1905 - Mind 14 (56):578-580.
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  38.  56
    Murder, abortion, contraception, greenhouse gas emissions and the deprivation of non-discernible and non-existent people: a reply to Marquis and Christensen.Hugh V. McLachlan - 2019 - Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (6):415-416.
    Marquis’s account of the ethics of abortion is unsatisfactory but not as Christensen implies baseless. It requires to be amended rather than abandoned. It is true, as Marquis asserts that murder and abortion both might deprive people of something of value to them, in particular, the life of a sort that might have been to them worth living. However, it is mistaken to conclude, as Marquis does, that murder and abortion are thereby morally equivalent. Not all deprivation is wrongful. Not (...)
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  39.  42
    Textualities: Between Hermeneutics and Deconstruction.Hugh J. Silverman - 1994 - New York: Routledge.
  40. The Author of Sin?Hugh J. McCann - 2005 - Faith and Philosophy 22 (2):144-159.
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  41.  36
    Neutrality in the social sciences: On Bhaskar's argument for an essential emancipatory impulse in social science.Hugh Lacey - 1997 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 27 (2&3):213–241.
    Suppose that one accepts a theory that proposes that a certain group’s holding of a false belief is co-caused by a specified social structure. Then, Bhaskar has argued, one is rationally committed, ceteris paribus, to adopting a negative value judgment of that structure and a positive value judgment of activity directed towards removing it . Contrary to Bhaskar, I argue that any rational move from accepting a theory to value judgments is mediated either by further value judgments, or by the (...)
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  42.  40
    Symbolic reasoning (VI.).Hugh MacColl - 1905 - Mind 14 (53):74-81.
  43.  71
    On the random distribution of scarce doses of vaccine in response to the threat of an influenza pandemic: a response to Wardrope.Hugh V. McLachlan - 2015 - Journal of Medical Ethics 41 (2):191-194.
    Wardrope argues against my proposed non-consequentialist policy for the distribution of scarce influenza vaccine in the face of a pandemic. According to him, even if one accepts what he calls my deontological ethical theory, it does not follow that we are required to agree with my proposed randomised allocation of doses of vaccine by means of a lottery. He argues in particular that I fail to consider fully the prophylactic role of vaccination whereby it serves to protect from infection more (...)
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  44. Two concepts of property: Ownership of things and property in activities.Hugh Breakey - 2011 - Philosophical Forum 42 (3):239-265.
    I argue there is a distinct and integrated property-concept applying directly, not to things, but to actions. This concept of Property in Activities describes a determinate ethico-political relation to a particular activity – a relation that may (but equally may not) subsequently effect a wide variety of relations to some thing. The relation with the activity is fixed and primary, and any ensuing relations with things are variable and derivative. Property in Activities illuminates many of the vexing problem cases arising (...)
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  45.  21
    On Things and Causes in Spacetime.Hugh Mellor - 1980 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 31 (3):282-288.
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  46.  12
    Education for Civil Society.Hugh Sockett - 2017 - Philosophy of Education 73:411-424.
  47. The Deliberation Model of Organismic Agency.Hugh Desmond - manuscript
    Organismic agency is often understood as the capacity to produce goal-directed behavior. This paper proposes a new way of modelling agency, namely as a naturalized deliberation. Deliberative action is not directed towards a particular goal, but involves a process of weighing multiple goals and a choice for a particular combination of these. The underlying causal model is symmetry breaking, where the organism breaks symmetries present in the selective environment. Deliberation is illustrated though the phenomena of mate choice and bacterial chemotaxis.
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  48. Selection in a Complex World: Deriving Causality from Stable Equilibrium.Hugh Desmond - 2018 - Erkenntnis 83 (2):265-286.
    It is an ongoing controversy whether natural selection is a cause of population change, or a mere statistical description of how individual births and deaths accumulate. In this paper I restate the problem in terms of the reference class problem, and propose how the structure of stable equilibrium can provide a solution in continuity with biological practice. Insofar natural selection can be understood as a tendency towards equilibrium, key statisticalist criticisms are avoided. Further, in a modification of the Newtonian-force analogy, (...)
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  49.  47
    Mistakes and the continuity test.Hugh Lazenby - 2016 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 15 (2):190-205.
    In a series of recent articles, Matthew Clayton, Andrew Williams and Rasmus Sommer Hansen and Soren Flinch Midtgaard argue that a key virtue of Ronald Dworkin’s account of distributive justice, Equality of Resources, is that it provides a distribution that is continuous with the evaluations of the individuals whom it ranges over. The idea of continuity, or as Williams calls it the ‘continuity test’, limits distributive claims in at least one important way: one person cannot claim compensation from another when (...)
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  50.  32
    COP20's Ethical Fallout: The Perils of Principles Without Dialogue.Hugh Breakey - 2015 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 18 (2):155-168.
    I argue that mechanisms currently embedded in the Paris negotiations Elements Text could elicit a structured process of moral dialogue. These mechanisms go beyond inviting Parties to cloak their intended nationally determined contributions in specious moral garb; the mechanisms envisage a principled review of, and dialogic reflection on, the fairness and ambition of Parties' INDCs. These mechanisms could thus propel moral dialogue, leading to constructive shifts in Parties' perspectives and commitments. The drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides (...)
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